Electoral Politics

Table 3. Types of structures of electoral cleavages in the legislative assembly elections (2016–2020)

Year	Number of parties	Structure type	Structure	Region	Trend
2016	5	Complete	11	Kursk Oblast	1
2016	9	Complete	11	Lipetsk Oblast	0
2016	5	Complete	11	Republic of Mordovia	1
2016	4	Complete	11	Oryol Oblast	1
2016	5	Complete	11	Republic of Adygea	1
2016	5	Complete	11_11	Kamchatka Krai	1
2016	5	Complete	11_11	Tambov Oblast	1
2017	6	Complete	11_11	Saratov Oblast	0
2018	8	Complete	11_11	Ivanovo Oblast	1
2018	5	Complete	11_11	Kemerovo Oblast	-1
2018	7	Complete	11_11	Rostov Oblast	1
2020	8	Complete	11_11	Voronezh Oblast	1
2016	7	Complete	11_11_11	Saint Petersburg	1
2020	10	Complete	11_11_11	Ryazan Oblast	1
2016	10	Rich	11_11_01	Krasnoyarsk Krai	0
2018	7	Rich	11_00_11	Irkutsk Oblast	-1
2020	11	Rich	01_11_11_00	Kaluga Oblast	1
2016	13	1^st complete + ideol + soc	11_10_01	Moscow Oblast	-1
2017	6	1^st complete + ideol + soc	11_10_01	Udmurt Republic	0
2016	7	1^st complete + ideol	11_10	Tyumen Oblast	-1
2017	10	1^st complete + ideol	11_10_00	Sakhalin Oblast	-1
2016	5	1^st complete + soc	11_01	Altai Krai	-1
2016	6	1^st complete + soc	11_01	Astrakhan Oblast	-1
2016	4	1^st complete + soc	11_01	Chukotka Autonomous Okrug	1
2016	7	1^st complete + soc	11_01	Chuvash Republic	0
2016	4	1^st complete + soc	11_01	Jewish Autonomous Oblast	1
2016	6	1^st complete + soc	11_01	Omsk Oblast	0
2016	7	1^st complete + soc	11_01	Orenburg Oblast	0
2016	5	1^st complete + soc	11_01	Primorsky Krai	-1
2016	6	1^st complete + soc	11_01	Pskov Oblast	-1
2016	7	1^st complete + soc	11_01	Samara Oblast	-1
2016	6	1^st complete + soc	11_01	Tver Oblast	-1
2016	6	1^st complete + soc	11_01	Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug	-1
2017	10	1^st complete + soc	11_01	Penza Oblast	-1
2019	6	1^st complete + soc	11_01	Mari El Republic	0
2019	7	1^st complete + soc	11_01	Republic of Tatarstan	0
2019	7	1^st complete + soc	11_01	Tula Oblast	-1
2020	7	1^st complete + soc	11_01	Belgorod Oblast	-1
2020	7	1^st complete + soc	11_01	Magadan Oblast	1
2016	6	1^st complete + soc	11_01_00	Leningrad Oblast	-1
2016	7	1^st complete + soc	11_00_01	Vologda Oblast	-1
2018	6	1^st complete + soc	11_01_01	Arkhangelsk Oblast	-1
2018	7	1^st complete + soc	11_01_01	Yaroslavl Oblast	-1
2018	7	1^st complete + soc	11_01_00	Vladimir Oblast	-1
2019	8	1^st complete + soc	11_01_01	Crimea	-1
2019	5	1^st complete + soc	11_01_01	Bryansk Oblast	0
2020	10	1^st complete + soc	11_01_01	Novosibirsk Oblast	-1
2016	11	1^st complete + soc	11_01_01_00	Nizhny Novgorod Oblast	-1
2016	10	1^st complete + soc	11_01_00_01	Murmansk Oblast	-1
2018	6	1^st complete + soc	11_01_01_00	Zabaykalsky Krai	0
2019	7	1^st complete + soc	11_01_01_00	Khabarovsk Krai	-1
2016	6	1^st complete + 0	11_00	Perm Krai	-1
2018	6	1^st complete + 0	11_00	Republic of Bashkortostan	-1
2018	5	1^st complete + 0	11_00	Smolensk Oblast	-1
2019	5	1^st complete + 0	11_00	Tyva Republic	-1
2016	8	1^st complete + 0	11_00_00	Kaliningrad Oblast	-1
2018	9	1^st complete + 0	11_00_00	Ulyanovsk Oblast	-1
2016	9	non-1^st complete + soc + ideol	01_11_01	Sverdlovsk Oblast	-1
2020	8	non-1^st complete + soc + ideol	01_11_10	Komi Republic	-1
2020	9	non-1^st complete + soc + ideol	01_11_10	Chelyabinsk Oblast	-1
2020	10	non-1^st complete + soc + ideol	01_10_11_10	Kostroma Oblast	0
2016	5	non-1^st complete + soc + ideol	10_11	Stavropol Krai	1
2018	6	non-1^st complete + soc + ideol	10_11_00	Republic of Buryatia	-1
2020	7	non-1^st complete + soc + ideol	01_11_10	Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug	-1
2016	5	non-1^st complete + soc	01_11	Novgorod Oblast	1
2016	8	non-1^st complete + soc	01_11	Tomsk Oblast	1
2017	5	Incomplete ideol+soc	10_01	Krasnodar Krai	-1
2018	8	Incomplete ideol+soc	10_01	Republic of Kalmykia	-1
2019	6	Incomplete ideol+soc	10_01	Kabardino-Balkarian Republic	0
2017	8	Incomplete ideol+soc	10_00_01	Republic of North Ossetia–Alania	-1
2019	6	Incomplete ideol+soc	00_10_01_00	Karachay-Cherkess Republic	-1
2019	6	Incomplete-ideol	00_10_00	Sevastopol	-1
2018	4	Incomplete-soc	01	Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)	-1
2019	5	Incomplete-soc	01	Volgograd Oblast	-1
2016	4	Incomplete-soc	01_00	Chechen Republic	-1
2016	10	Incomplete-soc	01_00	Republic of Dagestan	-1
2016	7	Incomplete-soc	00_01	Republic of Ingushetia	-1
2016	6	Incomplete-soc	01_01	Kirov Oblast	-1
2020	5	Incomplete-soc	01_01	Kurgan Oblast	-1
2016	7	Incomplete-soc	01_01_01	Republic of Karelia	-1
2018	6	Incomplete-soc	01_00_01	Republic of Khakassia	-1
2016	13	Incomplete-soc	01_01_01_00	Amur Oblast	-1
2019	9	Incomplete-soc	01_01_01_01	Altai Republic	-1