Table 1. Analyzed changes in the electoral legislation and their assessment

Law Modification Number of assessments Analysis of assessments  
total pos zeros neg min avg max polarization
No. 19-FZ of 10 Jan 2003 In the presidential election, the size of the action group is increased from 100 to 500 people 56* 2 13 41 -2 -0.95 2 0.04  
No. 19-FZ of 10 Jan 2003 In the presidential election, the number of required signatures in support of nomination is increased from one million to two million 57* 2 2 53 -2 -1.65 2 0.04  
No. 19-FZ of 10 Jan 2003 In the presidential election, political parties and electoral blocs that nominated candidates are provided with free airtime and free print space in addition to the free airtime and free print space provided to the candidates themselves 42 25 8 9 -2 0.52 2 0.29  
No. 97-FZ of 04 Jul 2003 Public associations are prohibited from joining electoral blocs 42 1 3 38 -2 -1.33 1 0.02  
No. 102-FZ of 04 Jul 2003 More possibilities for forming constituencies with large deviations in the number of voters from the average representation norm 40 0 11 29 -2 -1.03 0 0.00  
No. 99-FZ of 12 Aug 2004 The option to change the terms of office of elected bodies in order to combine elections is introduced 42 3 20 19 -2 -0.55 1 0.08  
No. 122-FZ of 22 Aug 2004 Election commissions are banned from taking loans for holding elections 41 8 27 6 -2 0.07 2 0.26  
No. 159-FZ of 11 Dec 2004 The practice of electing heads of administrations of federal subjects is overturned 57* 0 1 56 -2 -1.95 0 0.00  
No. 51-FZ of 18 May 2005 A fully proportional representation system is introduced for the State Duma election 57* 8 9 40 -2 -0.88 2 0.17  
No. 51-FZ of 18 May 2005 The threshold for the State Duma election is increased to 7% 57* 1 2 54 -2 -1.74 1 0.02  
No. 51-FZ of 18 May 2005 Minimum number of regional groups in State Duma election is increased from 7 to 100 42 1 6 35 -2 -1.36 1 0.02  
No. 51-FZ of 18 May 2005 The maximum size of the core part of the candidate list for State Duma election is reduced from 18 to 3. 42 13 15 14 -2 -0.12 2 0.60  
No. 51-FZ of 18 May 2005 Sanctions for refusing a seat in the State Duma election are abolished 55* 4 14 37 -2 -0.91 2 0.08  
No. 51-FZ of 18 May 2005 The State Duma election provide for the possibility for regional branches of political parties to create their own election funds; taking this into account, the total maximum amount of funds to be spent by a party is increased by about 9 times. 41 24 11 6 -2 0.56 2 0.18  
No. 51-FZ of 18 May 2005 If a party refuses to participate in a debate, the total debate time is reduced and the party gets its share of time for individual campaigning 42 4 16 22 -2 -0.48 2 0.11  
No. 93-FZ of 21 Jun 2005 Electoral blocs are abolished 57* 2 5 50 -2 -1.56 1 0.04  
No. 93-FZ of 21 Jun 2005 Two single annual voting days (second Sunday in March and second Sunday in October) are introduced 57* 17 11 29 -2 -0.35 2 0.47  
No. 93-FZ of 21 Jun 2005 The maximum possible barrier to the election of deputies to the legislative bodies of the federal subjects is set to 7% 42 4 6 32 -2 -1.21 2 0.11  
No. 93-FZ of 21 Jun 2005 Candidates holding public office are no longer obliged to go on vacation 57* 0 9 48 -2 -1.30 0 0.00  
No. 93-FZ of 21 Jun 2005 The allowed share of state and municipal employees in election commissions is raised to half 41 1 3 37 -2 -1.49 1 0.03  
No. 93-FZ of 21 Jun 2005 The right of public associations to send observers to federal elections is abolished, and regions are given the right to cancel the sending of observers from public associations to regional and municipal elections 57* 1 0 56 -2 -1.82 2 0.02  
No. 93-FZ of 21 Jun 2005 The allowed share of "defective" signature sheets is reduced 57* 5 2 50 -2 -1.47 2 0.10  
No. 93-FZ of 21 Jun 2005 Submitting signatures and paying bail at the same time is prohibited 41 3 2 36 -2 -1.32 1 0.08  
No. 93-FZ of 21 Jun 2005 Infringement of intellectual property rights is introduced as one of the grounds for cancelling registration 40 6 5 29 -2 -1.05 2 0.18  
No. 106-FZ of 12 Jul 2006 Parties are prohibited from nominating members of other parties as candidates 57* 12 22 23 -2 -0.25 2 0.32  
No. 107-FZ of 12 Jul 2006 "Against all" vote on the ballot paper is abolished 57* 4 5 48 -2 -1.42 2 0.08  
No. 128-FZ of 25 Jul 2006 Citizens with citizenship or residence permit in other countries are deprived of passive suffrage 56* 7 5 44 -2 -1.13 2 0.14  
No. 128-FZ of 25 Jul 2006 Citizens having citizenship or residence permit in other countries are deprived of the right to be members of election commissions with a deciding vote 41 2 6 33 -2 -1.20 1 0.05  
No. 225-FZ of 05 Dec 2006 Citizens with criminal record or administrative penalty under laws for aggravated, exceptionally aggravated and extremist offences are deprived of passive suffrage 57* 13 4 40 -2 -0.82 2 0.30  
No. 225-FZ of 05 Dec 2006 The turnout threshold for all elections is abolished 57* 5 14 38 -2 -0.82 2 0.10  
No. 225-FZ of 05 Dec 2006 It is forbidden to criticize election rivals on television 41 1 1 39 -2 -1.54 1 0.03  
No. 225-FZ of 05 Dec 2006 The election commission is obliged to notify a candidate of inaccuracies in his/her documents 57* 50 4 3 -2 1.35 2 0.06  
No. 274-FZ of 30 Dec 2006 It is prohibited to make donations to election funds for NCOs that received money or other property during the year from organizations that are prohibited from making donations to election funds 41 7 16 18 -2 -0.44 2 0.24  
No. 6-FZ of 30 Jan 2007 The CEC members are not required to have higher legal education 42 7 16 19 -2 -0.36 2 0.23  
No. 62-FZ of 20 Apr 2007 Regional election commission chairs are not required to have higher legal education 42 6 20 16 -2 -0.38 2 0.20  
No. 64-FZ of 26 Apr 2007 The minimum number of regional groups for the State Duma election is reduced from 100 to 80 41 21 18 2 -1 0.51 2 0.05  
No. 64-FZ of 26 Apr 2007 In the State Duma election, a candidate from the list who refuses to receive a seat remains on the list 41 1 13 27 -2 -0.88 1 0.03  
No. 64-FZ of 26 Apr 2007 In the State Duma election, parties are allowed to propose candidates from the list out of turn to fill vacant seats 41 2 15 24 -2 -0.80 1 0.05  
No. 188-FZ of 21 Jul 2007 In the State Duma election, a party has the right to determine a regional group of candidates to attribute to the votes cast for the federal candidates by voters residing outside Russia 41 18 15 8 -2 0.32 2 0.28  
No. 211-FZ of 24 Jul 2007 Persons held liable for administrative offences under the new article "Production and distribution of extremist materials" are deprived of passive suffrage 42 6 1 35 -2 -1.29 2 0.17  
No. 149-FZ of 22 Jul 2008 Extending or shortening the terms of office of local self-government bodies to coincide with election day 42 4 21 17 -2 -0.38 2 0.12  
No. 3-FZ of 09 Feb 2009 The election deposit is abolished 57* 6 4 47 -2 -1.40 2 0.12  
No. 42-FZ of 05 Apr 2009 The right of public associations to nominate candidate lists in municipal elections is abolished 42 1 1 40 -2 -1.67 1 0.02  
No. 94-FZ of 12 May 2009 A party that wins between 5 and 6% of the vote in the State Duma election gets one seat, and a party that wins between 6 and 7% gets two seats 42 17 16 9 -2 0.17 2 0.33  
No. 108-FZ of 03 Jun 2009 The minimum number of signatures in support of the nomination of a candidate listis reduced to 150,000 (and to 120,000 in the next State Duma election). Parties that have factions in at least one third of the federal subjects are exempt from collecting signatures 42 36 5 1 -1 1.02 2 0.02  
No. 203-FZ of 19 Jul 2009 The norm obliging parties that received less than 3% of the vote to pay the media for "free" airtime and print space is abolished, but instead parties that received less than 3% of the vote in the previous respective election are deprived of free airtime and print space 39 9 17 13 -2 -0.13 2 0.39  
No. 250-FZ of 09 Nov 2009 The age that grants the right to be elected as a deputy to a representative body of a municipal entity is established at 18 for all federal subjects and municipal entities 42 15 24 3 -2 0.45 2 0.09  
No. 357-FZ of 27 Dec 2009 The role of municipal entities in forming election commissions of municipal entities is reduced: half of the members are appointed at the suggestion of the federal subject's election commission (for "upper" level municipal entities) or at the suggestion of the territorial election commission and/or the election commission of the municipal district (for settlements) 42 4 3 35 -2 -1.02 2 0.11  
No. 63-FZ of 22 Apr 2010 In regional elections, a candidate listthat receives at least 5% but less than the threshold is given one seat 41 30 10 1 -1 0.80 2 0.03  
No. 63-FZ of 22 Apr 2010 A candidate list admitted to seat allocation must get at least one seat 40 33 7 0 0 1.10 2 0.00  
No. 112-FZ of 31 May 2010 Early voting at the initiative of citizens is abolished in municipal elections and retained only in the referendum of a federal subject and local referendum. 57* 19 22 16 -2 0.04 2 0.52  
No. 117-FZ of 04 Jun 2010 The term of office of the CEC of the Russian Federation, election commissions of federal subjects, election commissions of municipal entities and territorial election commissions is increased from four to five years 42 5 25 12 -2 -0.26 1 0.17  
No. 133-FZ of 01 Jul 2010 The procedure for the certification by the election commission organizing elections of the candidate list nominated by an electoral association in single-seat (multi-seat) constituencies and the list of documents to be submitted by candidates to constituency election commissions are determined 40 22 17 1 -1 0.65 2 0.03  
No. 222-FZ of 27 Jul 2010 The owners or proprietors of premises provided to a registered candidate or an electoral association are obliged to notify the election commission in writing of the fact that the premises are provided and of the conditions under which they are provided. The election commission is obliged to bring this information to the attention of other registered candidates and electoral associations 40 24 10 6 -2 0.53 2 0.19  
No. 263-FZ of 04 Oct 2010 Additional measures against abuse in the use of absentee certificates are introduced 39 30 9 0 0 0.92 2 0.00  
No. 325-FZ of 29 Nov 2010 In the State Duma elections, the maximum allowed number of candidates in the all-federal part of the federal candidate list is increased from 3 to 10 42 16 20 6 -1 0.33 2 0.20  
No. 17-FZ of 23 Feb 2011 In the State Duma election, the minimum number of regional groups in the candidate list is reduced from 80 to 70 41 18 23 0 0 0.51 2 0.00  
No. 34-FZ of 08 Mar 2011 It is allowed to extend or shorten the term of office of the regional parliament for no more than 6 months (in fact, this modification concerned the option to postpone regional elections from March 11, 2012 to December 4, 2011) 42 4 12 26 -2 -0.64 2 0.11  
No. 38-FZ of 20 Mar 2011 At least half of the deputies of representative bodies of local self-government with at least 20 deputies should be elected by a proportional system 57* 35 7 15 -2 0.49 2 0.38  
No. 143-FZ of 14 Jun 2011 Additional guarantees of voting rights to persons with disabilities (mainly for the visually impaired) are introduced 41 32 9 0 0 1.07 2 0.00  
No. 259-FZ of 23 Jul 2011 Universal format for signature sheets for regional and municipal elections is established, as well as universal rules for certifying signature sheets and verifying signatures (including universal grounds for invalidating signatures) 41 30 9 2 -2 0.95 2 0.05  
No. 262-FZ of 25 Jul 2011 The procedure for voting outside the voting premises and absentee ballot voting is made more detailed. In particular, the number of portable ballot boxes is strictly defined depending on the number of voters at a polling station. The deadline for applying to vote outside the polling station is shortened by two hours 41 29 10 2 -2 0.78 2 0.05  
No. 263-FZ of 25 Jul 2011 A unified procedure is established for filling vacant seat of deputies elected as part of a candidate list. At the same time, regional legislators are explicitly granted the right to authorize a political party to submit a candidate to fill a vacant seat out of the previously established order of precedence 41 11 16 14 -2 -0.12 2 0.48  
No. 287-FZ of 20 Oct 2011 The threshold to the State Duma is reduced to 5% 57* 56 1 0 0 1.53 2 0.00  
No. 40-FZ of 02 May 2012 Elections of heads of administrations of federal subjects (governors) are restored, municipal filter and the right of regional legislators to prohibit self-nomination are introduced 55* 38 9 8 -2 0.73 2 0.18  
No. 40-FZ of 02 May 2012 In all elections, persons who have ever been sentenced to imprisonment for committing aggravated and (or) exceptionally aggravated offences are deprived of passive suffrage for life 57* 12 11 34 -2 -0.70 2 0.28  
No. 41-FZ of 02 May 2012 The collection of signatures in support of candidates and candidate lists nominated by any political parties for all elections, except for presidential elections, is abolished 55* 42 5 8 -2 1.11 2 0.17  
No. 41-FZ of 02 May 2012 In the Russian presidential election, the required number of signatures for a self-nominated candidate is reduced from 2 million to 300,000, and for a candidate nominated by a non-parliamentary party to 100,000. 57* 55 1 1 -1 1.56 2 0.02  
No. 157-FZ of 02 Oct 2012 Instead of two single voting days a year, one such day is introduced on the second Sunday of September 56* 6 6 44 -2 -1.18 1 0.12  
No. 157-FZ of 02 Oct 2012 Constituencies are established for 10 years 41 16 19 6 -2 0.32 2 0.20  
No. 157-FZ of 02 Oct 2012 Polling stations are established for 5 years 41 16 20 5 -2 0.34 2 0.16  
No. 157-FZ of 02 Oct 2012 Precinct commissions are established for 5 years 41 8 21 12 -2 -0.15 2 0.33  
No. 173-FZ of 16 Oct 2012 It is prohibited to use proportional representation system (including as a component of the mixed system) at elections of representative bodies of rural/ urban settlements with a population of less than 3,000, as well as representative bodies of rural/ urban settlements with less than 15 deputies. It is established that at least 10 seats should be allocated in municipal elections under the proportional system 39 20 14 5 -2 0.41 2 0.16  
No. 238-FZ of 03 Dec 2012 A candidate for the position of the head of a federal subject submits three nominations, one of which, if the nominee who submitted it is elected, will be vested with the powers of a member of the Federation Council 41 12 22 7 -2 0.07 2 0.27  
No. 30-FZ of 02 Apr 2013 Regional legislators were allowed to cancel direct elections of heads of regional administrations 41 2 0 39 -2 -1.61 1 0.05  
No. 40-FZ of 05 Apr 2013 The period during which the precinct election commission works with the electoral roll and issues absentee certificates is reduced from 20 to 10 days 41 7 21 13 -2 -0.20 2 0.26  
No. 102-FZ of 07 May 2013 The requirement for a candidate to report information on immovable property located outside the Russian Federation, on property obligations outside the Russian Federation, and by the time of registration to close accounts (deposits), stop keeping cash in foreign banks located outside the territory of the Russian Federation, and alienate securities of foreign issuers is extended to all federal and regional elections, as well as to the elections of heads of municipal districts and urban districts. 55* 17 10 28 -2 -0.36 2 0.50  
No. 303-FZ of 02 Nov 2013 The minimum proportional part of regional parliaments is reduced to 25%, in Moscow and St. Petersburg to 0% 38 3 5 30 -2 -1.26 1 0.09  
No. 303-FZ of 02 Nov 2013 The requirement to use the proportional representation system in municipal elections is abolished 40 13 5 22 -2 -0.38 2 0.52  
No. 303-FZ of 02 Nov 2013 In municipal elections, the maximum allowed threshold is increased from 5 to 7% 41 1 2 38 -2 -1.59 1 0.03  
No. 364-FZ of 21 Dec 2013 Ballot boxes are to be made of transparent or semi-transparent material 42 36 3 3 -2 1.17 2 0.08  
No. 19-FZ of 21 Feb 2014 The provision on lifetime deprivation of passive suffrage for persons sentenced to imprisonment for committing aggravated and (or) exceptionally aggravated offences is repealed. Instead, it is established that persons sentenced to imprisonment for aggravated offence shall be deprived of passive suffrage until the expiry of 10 years from the date when the criminal record is cleared or expunged, and persons sentenced to imprisonment for an exceptionally aggravated offence until the expiry of 15 years from the date when the criminal record is cleared or expunged. 42 25 11 6 -2 0.50 2 0.18  
No. 20-FZ of 22 Feb 2014 Mixed system of election is reinstated for the State Duma election 56* 40 9 7 -2 0.91 2 0.15  
No. 20-FZ of 22 Feb 2014 In State Duma elections, parties that were admitted to seat allocation in the previous State Duma election and/or received at least 3% of the votes in said election, as well as parties that received at least one seat in the election held under proportional representation system of at least one legislative body of state power of a federal subject, and candidates from these parties are exempt from collecting voters' signatures 39 29 6 4 -2 0.95 2 0.12  
No. 20-FZ of 22 Feb 2014 The number of signatures in single-seat constituencies in the State Duma election is increased from 0.5 to 3% 42 1 1 40 -2 -1.74 1 0.02  
No. 20-FZ of 22 Feb 2014 If more than 10 candidate lists are registered for the State Duma election, the ballot paper shall not include the names of the candidates heading the lists and their regional groups 40 1 14 25 -2 -0.70 1 0.03  
No. 51-FZ of 02 Apr 2014 Judicial challenges become more complex: voters can only challenge the actions of commissions where they were present on election day. The period for challenging vote returns is reduced to 10 days and that for challenging election results from one year to three months 42 1 0 41 -2 -1.60 2 0.02  
No. 94-FZ of 05 May 2014 In the elections to bodies of power in rural settlements, it is allowed to provide for the establishment of a candidate's campaign fund without opening a special campaign depository if the election campaign expenses of a candidate do not exceed 5,000 roubles. 41 33 8 0 0 1.02 2 0.00  
No. 95-FZ of 05 May 2014 The required number of signatures in support of a candidate's nomination in regional elections is increased from 0.5% to 3% of all voters in a constituency 42 2 1 39 -2 -1.69 1 0.05  
No. 95-FZ of 05 May 2014 The right not to collect signatures in regional and municipal elections is granted only to parties that have achieved a certain degree of success in previous elections 41 5 10 26 -2 -0.78 1 0.15  
No. 95-FZ of 05 May 2014 The threshold for all elections is reduced to 5% 57* 55 2 0 0 1.37 2 0.00  
No. 95-FZ of 05 May 2014 If absentee voting is not provided, a voter must be given the opportunity to cast his/her vote early 55* 29 18 8 -2 0.53 2 0.19  
No. 146-FZ of 04 Jun 2014 The law of the federal subject allows voting against all candidates (candidate lists) in municipal elections starting January 1, 2015. 42 36 3 3 -2 1.07 2 0.08  
No. 355-FZ of 24. Nov 2014 Foreign agent non-profit organizations are prohibited from participating in elections in any capacity 41 2 1 38 -2 -1.54 2 0.05  
No. 272-FZ of 14 Jul 2015 Election of deputies to the State Duma of the 7th convocation is postponed three months ahead of schedule 41 1 15 25 -2 -0.80 1 0.03  
No. 287-FZ of 05 Oct 2015 The option for a deputy who has terminated his/her powers early to receive a deputy seat again in place of a retired deputy is abolished 41 21 16 4 -2 0.46 2 0.12  
No. 302-FZ of 03 Nov 2015 The deadlines for early, repeat and by-elections are changed to allow them to coincide with the State Duma election 41 5 21 15 -2 -0.32 2 0.16  
No. 29-FZ of 15 Feb 2016 Lists of observers should be submitted no later than three days before election day 57* 2 18 37 -2 -1.05 2 0.04  
No. 29-FZ of 15 Feb 2016 An observer may be appointed to only one commission 42 2 3 37 -2 -1.21 2 0.05  
No. 29-FZ of 15 Feb 2016 The number of observers from one appointing subject to one commission is limited to two 41 4 3 34 -2 -1.10 2 0.11  
No. 29-FZ of 15 Feb 2016 The right of an observer to take photos and (or) videos (from the place determined by the chairperson of the precinct commission) is secured 41 26 3 12 -2 0.32 2 0.43  
No. 29-FZ of 15 Feb 2016 Observers can only be removed by a court of law 41 40 1 0 0 1.59 2 0.00  
No. 65-FZ of 09 Mar 2016 Mandatory participation in debates 42 33 8 1 -1 1.14 2 0.02  
No. 66-FZ of 09 Mar 2016 Preliminary accreditation of media representatives to be present at polling stations is required; stricter requirements for media representatives (existing contract at least two months before the start of the election campaign) 57* 3 2 52 -2 -1.54 2 0.06  
No. 66-FZ of 09 Mar 2016 A candidate's former last, first or patronymic names have to be specified in the ballot (if he/she changed them) 42 27 13 2 -2 0.74 2 0.05  
No. 66-FZ of 09 Mar 2016 Ordering campaign materials from individuals who are not individual entrepreneurs is not allowed 41 6 10 25 -2 -0.61 2 0.18  
No. 66-FZ of 09 Mar 2016 In regional and municipal elections combined with federal elections, absentee ballot voting is used instead of early voting 42 13 24 5 -2 0.12 1 0.16  
No. 92-FZ of 05 Apr 2016 The use of images of individuals who are not candidates is prohibited 42 9 8 25 -2 -0.60 2 0.29  
No. 92-FZ of 05 Apr 2016 The use of statements by an individual who has no right to conduct election campaigning is prohibited in campaign materials 42 9 9 24 -2 -0.60 2 0.29  
No. 103-FZ of 01 Jun 2017 Postponement of the presidential election to the third Sunday of March (instead of the first) 42 3 33 6 -2 -0.17 1 0.11  
No. 103-FZ of 01 Jun 2017 The option of installing video surveillance cameras at polling stations during the presidential election is introduced 42 40 1 1 -1 1.67 2 0.02  
No. 104-FZ of 01 Jun 2017 Use of voting at current location instead of early voting and absentee ballot voting 56* 29 15 12 -2 0.38 2 0.30  
No. 104-FZ of 01 Jun 2017 The added detail is that the residential address indicated in the signature list does not have to contain specifics if the voter's place of residence can be easily identified in general 42 36 5 1 -2 1.17 2 0.02  
No. 104-FZ of 01 Jun 2017 The results of the process of assigning polling stations may not be reviewed at all unless there is a need for doing so 41 20 18 3 -1 0.56 2 0.08  
No. 374-FZ of 05 Dec 2017 Public chambers are allowed to appoint observers for presidential election 41 9 25 7 -2 0.10 2 0.30  
No. 374-FZ of 05 Dec 2017 During the presidential election, it is allowed to install video surveillance cameras in territorial election commissions 42 40 2 0 0 1.45 2 0.00  
No. 1-FZ of 05 Feb 2018 Nomination in a single-seat (multi-seat) constituency of more candidates than the number of deputy seats shall be grounds for exclusion from the list of all candidates nominated in the given constituency, but not for refusal to certify the list 37 14 13 10 -2 0.11 2 0.46  
No. 30-FZ of 19 Feb 2018 By-election to the State Duma is held on a single voting day 42 10 22 10 -2 -0.02 2 0.48  
No. 184-FZ of 03 Jul 2018 The law of federal subject may provide for the appointment of observers by the public chamber 42 8 27 7 -2 0.00 2 0.31  
No. 550-FZ of 27 Dec 2018 The limit on the size of the election fund, which may be established without opening a special election account at elections in rural settlements, is increased from 5 to 15 thousand rubles. 42 33 9 0 0 1.05 2 0.00  
No. 102-FZ of 29 May 2019 Experimental implementation of voting at digital polling stations in the State Duma by-election and gubernatorial elections on 08 September 2019 42 9 8 25 -2 -0.79 2 0.29  
No. 103-FZ of 29 May 2019 Experimental implementation of remote e-voting in several single-seat constituencies in the Moscow City Duma election on 08 September 2019 42 6 5 31 -2 -1.07 2 0.17  
No. 104-FZ of 29 May 2019 Election commissions organizing elections are granted the right to decide on selective manual recounts when using KOIBs 42 27 12 3 -1 0.88 2 0.08  
No. 104-FZ of 29 May 2019 The right to vote in regional elections is granted to citizens who do not have permanent registration in the Russian Federation, but who have been registered at the place of residence in the respective constituency at least three months prior to election day 41 26 8 7 -2 0.61 2 0.22  
No. 98-FZ of 01 Apr 2020 The option to postpone voting in elections and referendums in the event of a high alert or emergency state is introduced 41 15 19 7 -2 0.20 2 0.25  
No. 152-FZ of 23 May 2020 The experiment in Moscow on organizing and implementing remote e-voting in elections to state and local government bodies held in 2020-2021 is continued. 41 5 7 29 -2 -1.07 2 0.14  
No. 153-FZ of 23 May 2020 Extra detail is added to 50 articles of the Criminal Code, conviction under which is the reason for deprivation of passive suffrage (medium-gravity crimes) before five years are out from the date the criminal record is expunged or cleared. 56* 5 4 47 -2 -1.38 2 0.10  
No. 154-FZ of 23 May 2020 Voters are required to fill in his/her last, first and patronymic names in the signature list by hand; signature is considered invalid in case it is filled in by other means 57* 5 2 50 -2 -1.37 2 0.10  
No. 154-FZ of 23 May 2020 The signature sheet is required to contain strictly five lines 42 3 13 26 -2 -0.79 1 0.08  
No. 154-FZ of 23 May 2020 The acceptable margin of error in voter signatures in regional and municipal elections is reduced from 10 to 5% 57* 10 0 47 -2 -1.28 2 0.21  
No. 154-FZ of 23 May 2020 The option to collect up to half of the signatures through the Gosuslugi portal is introduced 55* 37 10 8 -2 0.67 2 0.18  
No. 154-FZ of 23 May 2020 The options for voting outside the voting premises are expanded 42 0 4 38 -2 -1.50 0 0.00  
No. 154-FZ of 23 May 2020 Early voting options are expanded 41 2 3 36 -2 -1.32 1 0.05  
No. 154-FZ of 23 May 2020 Remote e-voting is allowed at all elections 57* 5 8 44 -2 -1.32 2 0.10  
No. 267-FZ of 31 Jul 2020 The option of replacing a member of an election commission with a deciding vote by the party that nominated him/her is introduced 56* 23 15 18 -2 0.09 2 0.57  
No. 267-FZ of 31 Jul 2020 The right to be an observer at regional and municipal elections is granted only to citizens with active suffrage on the territory of the respective federal subject 42 3 3 36 -2 -1.38 2 0.08  
No. 267-FZ of 31 Jul 2020 Three-day voting is introduced 57* 4 0 53 -2 -1.61 2 0.08  
No. 267-FZ of 31 Jul 2020 Voting in places "suitable for voting equipment" is permitted 41 0 2 39 -2 -1.73 0 0.00  
No. 43-FZ of 09 Mar 2021 Election commissions are given the right to appeal directly to Roskomnadzor to stop "illegal" campaigning on the Internet 42 2 11 29 -2 -1.02 1 0.05  
No. 89-FZ of 05 Apr 2021 It is allowed to omit information about candidates if there are more than 10 candidates on the ballot paper and candidate names if there are more than 10 lists of candidates on the ballot paper 41 0 18 23 -2 -0.73 0 0.00  
No. 91-FZ of 20 Apr 2021 A total ban on participation in elections of public associations, legal entities and mass media that are "foreign agents"; information about a candidate's "foreign agency" or "affiliation with a foreign agent" must be specified in campaign materials and on the ballot paper 42 1 1 40 -2 -1.74 1 0.02  
No. 96-FZ of 20 Apr 2021 The maximum number of candidates in the core part of the list of candidates for the State Duma election is increased from 10 to 15 41 7 21 13 -2 -0.20 2 0.26  
No. 115-FZ of 30 Apr 2021 The decision to register a candidate (candidate list) cannot be annulled by the court if the election commission has not notified the candidate or the electoral association of the relevant violations 56* 48 6 2 -2 1.23 2 0.04  
No. 115-FZ of 30 Apr 2021 It is allowed to file a complaint to the court in case of preliminary appeal of the refusal to register a candidate (candidate list) to a higher commission: within five days from the date of the commission's decision to dismiss the complaint; at the same time, the option to appeal to the next higher commission against the commission's decision taken on the complaint against the refusal to register a candidate (candidate list) is abolished 39 21 13 5 -2 0.56 2 0.16  
No. 157-FZ of 04 Jun 2021 Citizens involved in the activities of an organization in respect of which a court decision on liquidation or prohibition of activities on grounds related to extremist activity or terrorism has entered into force are deprived of passive suffrage 56* 8 4 44 -2 -1.29 2 0.17  
No. 60-FZ of 14 Mar 2022 The options to appoint members with consultative capacity to territorial, district and precinct election commissions is abolished 56* 0 3 53 -2 -1.80 0 0.00  
No. 60-FZ of 14 Mar 2022 The election commissions of municipalities are abolished 41 4 7 30 -2 -1.12 1 0.11  
No. 60-FZ of 14 Mar 2022 Facilitation of decision-making on postponement of voting: the CEC no longer needs a motivated proposal from the election commission of the federal subject, and the election commission of the federal subject no longer needs a motivated proposal from the election commission organizing the election 40 2 8 30 -2 -1.00 2 0.05  
No. 60-FZ of 14 Mar 2022 Preliminary submission to the election commission of materials to be placed in the media is introduced 40 2 5 33 -2 -1.20 1 0.05  
No. 60-FZ of 14 Mar 2022 The requirement of mandatory proportional representation for regional elections is abolished 42 4 6 32 -2 -1.10 2 0.11  
No. 60-FZ of 14 Mar 2022 The period of deprivation of passive suffrage is extended for citizens convicted of extremist activity (5 years after the criminal record removal) 42 2 3 37 -2 -1.40 2 0.05  
No. 60-FZ of 14 Mar 2022 New article on remote e-voting 42 6 3 33 -2 -1.24 2 0.17  
No. 498-FZ of 05 Dec 2022 Persons included in the register of foreign agents are prohibited from being members of election commissions with the deciding vote or consultative capacity 41 2 1 38 -2 -1.63 2 0.05  
No. 184-FZ of 29 May 2023 For regional elections, the option to establish polling stations outside the territory of the respective federal subject is provided 56* 9 11 36 -2 -0.70 2 0.20  
No. 184-FZ of 29 May 2023 Provision is made for holding elections under martial law 42 7 7 28 -2 -0.90 2 0.21  
No. 184-FZ of 29 May 2023 The organization of municipal elections on the territory of the administrative center of a given federal subject may be entrusted to the election commission of the corresponding subject 41 7 18 16 -2 -0.29 2 0.25  
No. 184-FZ of 29 May 2023 Photographing and video recording may only be carried out by persons authorized by law to do so 40 2 1 37 -2 -1.60 1 0.05  
No. 184-FZ of 29 May 2023 The powers of proxies are to be terminated with the end of the campaign period 41 2 12 27 -2 -0.93 1 0.05  
No. 184-FZ of 29 May 2023 Ban on using prohibited Internet resources during the campaign is introduced 40 2 3 35 -2 -1.43 1 0.05  
No. 184-FZ of 29 May 2023 Public and local authorities are allowed to use their funds to support federal elections 55* 6 27 22 -2 -0.42 2 0.14  
No. 184-FZ of 29 May 2023 A provision is made to allow minimum amount of donations from citizens and legal entities 40 4 9 27 -2 -0.83 1 0.11  
No. 184-FZ of 29 May 2023 Provisions are made for observers and media representatives to be assigned to specific locations on the voting premises 41 8 8 25 -2 -0.80 1 0.26  
No. 184-FZ of 29 May 2023 The options to compile digital electoral rolls is introduced 42 5 9 28 -2 -0.88 1 0.14  
No. 531-FZ of 14 Nov 2023 The deadlines for deciding on the appointment and holding of elections in the territories where martial law has been imposed are made more specific 40 7 20 13 -2 -0.33 2 0.27  
No. 99-FZ of 15 May 2024 Citizens included in the register of foreign agents and/or in the unified register of information on persons involved in the activities of an extremist or terrorist organization are deprived of passive suffrage. 41 2 1 38 -2 -1.76 1 0.05  
No. 99-FZ of 15 May 2024 Citizens included in the register of foreign agents and/or in the unified register of information on persons involved in the activities of an extremist or terrorist organization are prohibited from being observers, authorized representatives of candidates and electoral associations, and proxies. 41 2 0 39 -2 -1.76 2 0.05  
No. 99-FZ of 15 May 2024 Applications for accreditation of journalists to polling stations are submitted 7 days in advance instead of 3 42 1 5 36 -2 -1.31 1 0.02  
No. 99-FZ of 15 May 2024 PEC members can now not only be suspended, but also removed 42 1 6 35 -2 -1.48 1 0.02  
No. 99-FZ of 15 May 2024 The limit of expenditures from a candidate's campaign fund prior to his/her registration may be limited to no more than 30% of the total top end of the campaign fund 41 5 15 21 -2 -0.61 1 0.15  
No. 99-FZ of 15 May 2024 Errors made in the execution of documents in respect of an individual candidate are grounds for his/her exclusion from the candidate list for single-seat (multi-seat) constituencies before its certification, but not for refusal to certify the entire candidate list. 42 26 8 8 -2 0.50 2 0.25  

* Asterisk indicates modifications included not only in the full list but also in the abridged one.