Table 5. Stability in the membership of the party system participants (Z-score)

Country Vote share of new parties Stable participation of significant contenders election-to-election Stability of significant parties, from one election to the next Mean Z-score
President Parliament President Parliament President Parliament
Uruguay 1.03 1.13 1.33 1.15 2.11 1.67 1.40
Mexico 0.97 0.64 1.33 1.15 2.11 1.53 1.29
USA 0.88 1.50 0.89 1.15 0.83 1.67 1.15
Dominican Republic 0.99 1.01 1.03 0.75 1.45 1.42 1.11
Chile 0.32 1.17 0.34 0.92 0.41 1.53 0.78
Honduras 0.48 -0.11 1.33 1.15 0.18 -0.12 0.49
Brazil 1.09 0.73 0.30 0.46 0.10 0.17 0.47
Costa Rica 0.65 -0.38 0.98 0.34 -0.09 -0.37 0.19
El Salvador 0.32 -0.20 0.79 0.29 0.18 -0.37 0.17
Nicaragua 0.44 1.28 0.25 -0.75 -0.06 -0.33 0.14
Panama 0.65 1.16 -0.74 0.11 -0.64 -0.30 0.04
Russia 0.74 -0.53 0.67 -0.52 0.64 -0.80 0.03
Paraguay -0.02 -0.56 -0.74 -0.29 -0.48 -0.30 -0.40
Colombia -1.58 -1.14 -0.98 0.52 -1.06 -0.48 -0.79
Bolivia 0.12 -0.66 -0.98 -1.73 -0.68 -0.90 -0.81
Ecuador -1.15 -0.84 -0.49 -0.87 -0.71 -0.83 -0.82
Peru -1.35 -1.55 -0.93 -2.08 -0.64 -1.12 -1.28
Argentina -1.03 -1.57 -1.26 -1.29
Guatemala -1.92 -1.16 -1.28 -0.93 -1.22 -1.30 -1.30
Venezuela -1.62 -1.48 -1.52 -1.50 -1.18 -1.26 -1.43